The inherent properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials make them ideal for use in artificial optoelectronic synaptic devices. This review explores synaptic devices based on 2D materials and examines their potential applications in image recognition, neuromorphic wearable electronic devices, logical operations and neuromorphic computing systems.

Physiological roles of Piezo channels in the auditory system. The Piezo channels in hair cells are related to the anomalous current, Nelson's notch, ultrasonic hearing, hair cell differentiation, and the mechanotransduction process in the cochlear.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and long COVID can result in changes in brain perfusion, which may contribute to impaired cognition and hindered recovery. Arterial spin labeling (ASL), as a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique, proves useful for investigating the effects of COVID-19 on cerebral function. This review emphasizes that both COVID-19 and long COVID may induce alterations in brain perfusion.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis serves as a critical link among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. In response to stress, cortisol levels are modulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn influences immune cell activity and gut permeability. The intestinal microbiota engages with the brain through various pathways. The endocrine pathway affects the central nervous system via intestinal endocrine cells and microbial metabolites. Additionally, intestinal epithelial cells secrete immune cytokines and tryptophan metabolites that impact brain structure and function through the blood-brain barrier.

This review addresses welfare issues through the 3Rs: refining experimental conditions, reducing animal usage, and replacing animals with alternative methods, and systematically examines the main kinds of model animals in neuroscience. Their current status is concisely summarized, representing a thoughtful and comprehensive consideration of the welfare aspects.

An update for molecular basis and treatment: The major posttranslational modification (PTM) changes and crosstalk in the evolution of retinal degenerative disorders including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration and myopia retinopathy.

A schematic diagram of a proposed neural circuit for high temperature-induced feeding inhibition. Acute high temperature exposure activates excitatory neurons in the parabrachial nucleus brain area, promotes the release of vascular endothelial growth factor A from tanycytes, and acts on agouti-related protein neurons in the ARC brain area to inhibit feeding behavior.

This review examines genetic imaging studies on affective disorders (major depressive and bipolar disorder) published from 2018 to 2024. It summarizes the correlations between microscopic molecular features and macroscopic imaging characteristics and their impact on clinical manifestations, emphasizing the importance of epigenetic changes. Its findings will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of affective disorders.

This review summarizes and classifies the research in recent years and introduces the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of depression. The study of the principles of musical interventions for depression and the practice of musical interventions for depression with various etiologies are highlighted. It is hoped to introduce the progress of depression research and the prospect of music therapy.

This perspective paper introduces the importance of peripheral sensory nerve regeneration in bone healing, a cutting-edge direction in bone tissue engineering. By summarizing the latest knowledge in sensory nerve-bone interplay and the recent advances in biomaterial design for innervated bone tissue regeneration, this paper proposes critical guides for future bone engineering biomaterial design.

This article discusses the advancements in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from both pharmacological and non-pharmacological perspectives. It elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. In summary, the article documents five pharmaceutical treatment methods and five cutting-edge non-pharmacological treatment methods.