This review summarizes recent advances in engineered materials, device designs, and integration schemes for neural interfaces which facilitate brain signal recording and stimulation and offer long-term, stable, high-channel-count, and high-resolution operation. The advances summarized in this review will guide the future direction of this technology and provide a basis for next-generation chronic neural interfaces with long-lived high-performance operations.

This article reviews the antianxiety effects of the Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium under different test conditions and discusses recent advances in the antianxiety mechanisms of its two alkaloids, confirming the antianxiety potential of Gelsemium alkaloids. This review will provide theoretical support for pharmacological research on Gelsemium , contribute to developing and applying Gelsemium -based drugs, help the treatment of anxiety disorders, and promote the development of medicine.

High calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels cause central sensitization, which may be associated with the overactivation of glial cells and various pain receptors. CGRP induces MAPK14 activation and nitric oxide (NO) secretion on the surface of neurogliocytes, and the produced NO stimulates CGRP secretion through the N-type calcium channel. CGRP increases N -methyl-d-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

To evaluate how external stimulation of brain regions affects the brain state, our study used the exact controllability theory to determine potential targets and applied a whole-brain dynamic model via virtual stimulation to promote the transformation of the brain state from early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) to health. The findings reveal the underlying brain mechanisms of cognitive decline in patients with EMCI, which could help in designing more effective therapeutic interventions.